Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1 Pro-and anti-angiogenesis factors
Positive/negative regulators
Soluble ligands/receptors
Impact on endothelial cells
Notes
Pro-angiogenic Factors
VEGF
VEGFR-1 (Flt-1)
VEGFR-2 (Flk-1/KDR)
Chemotactic [
11
]
EC migration, proliferation, anti-
apoptosis, differentiation
Targets EC specific mitogen
Sources Smooth muscle cells,
keratinocytes, macrophages, tumor
cells Gene
Regulation Oxygen tension, growth
factor (TFG-alpah,PDGF),
inflammatory cytokines (IL-1-
alpha,IL-6); Hormones (TSH,
ACTH); oncogenes (ras) [
111
]
Angiopoietin-1
Tie-2
in vitro EC migration, tube formation,
survival
in vivo Maturation, signal recruitment
of mural cells
[
112
]
FGF
bFGF binds FGFR-1 aFGF
Chemokinetic
: EC proliferation
Synergistically with VEGF. Broad
spectrum, multiple cell types [
11
]
PDGF-BB
PDGFR-aa
PDGFR-bb
PDGFR-ab
: EC migration, require bFGF
pretreatment
Targets VSMCs/pericytes mitogen and
chemoattractant. bFGF sensitizes
EC [
113
]
IL-8/CXCL8
CXCR1
CXCR2
Chemotactic
: EC proliferation
: EC migration
: MMP production
ELR-positive chemokine [
114
]
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
SDF-1/CXCL12
CXCR4
Chemotactic
in vivo; dermal angiogenesis
recruitment of EPCs
[
115
]
TGF-b
Induces EC apoptosis : bFGF
expression, : VEGF synthesis
[
116
]
Hepatocyte growth factor/
scatter factor(HGF/SF)
: EC proliferation
: EC migration
Down-regulate TSP-1 in tumor cells
[
117
]
Met
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