Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Dfsutil
—Manage the DFS namespace as well as DFS servers and clients.
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Dnscmd
—Manage the DNS Server role. You can display, modify, create, and delete DNS-
related objects, such as zones and resource records, as well as force DNS replication.
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Icacls
—Display, modify, and back up access control lists on an NTFS file system.
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Servermanagercmd
—With this command-line version of Server Manager, you can install
and remove roles and features as well as query the server for installed and available roles
and features. You can use this tool at the command line or in scripts. It can't be used on
Server Core, however.
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Winrs
—Open a secure channel between two servers so that you can run a command remotely.
All communication between servers is encrypted. For example, type “winrs -r:ServerCoreXX
dir” to run the Dir program on your Server Core computer from another computer. You can
also activate a command prompt on the remote server with the command winrs -r:Server-
CoreXX cmd. The remote server must be prepared to accept remote commands first with
the winrm quickconfig command.
Hundreds of command-line tools are available in Windows Server 2008. To see a complete
reference, visit the Microsoft Download Web site (
www.microsoft.com/downloads/
)
and search
on “Windows Command Reference.”
Active Directory maintenance involves backup and restore of the server and the Active
Directory database as well as offline maintenance tasks. Windows Server Backup is new in
Windows Server 2008 and supersedes NTBackup from previous versions.
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Windows Server Backup enables you to back up entire servers, volumes, and the system
state. Files and folders, the system state, and the Active Directory database can be restored
from a backup. Recovery of the server system state requires the command-line version of
Windows Server Backup, Wbadmin. Active Directory restoration requires rebooting the
system in Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM).
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The Active Directory database becomes fragmented over time. Online defragmentation
simply deletes deleted objects that have been deleted longer than the tombstone lifetime, a
process called garbage collection. You can't restore a backup that's older than the tomb-
stone lifetime. Offline defragmentation compacts the database for more efficient operation.
Offline defragmentation can be performed by stopping the AD DS service without having
to restart the server.
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Four tools are commonly used to monitor and fine-tune the performance and reliability of
Active Directory and the server: Event Viewer, Task Manager, Reliability and Performance
Monitor, and Windows Server Resource Manager.
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Task Manager and Resource Monitor provide a real-time look at key performance indica-
tors, such as CPU, disk, network, and memory utilization. Performance Monitor provides a
more detailed view of performance counters in real time or over an extended period. You
can also use it to create a performance baseline for later comparison with recent indicators.
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Reliability Monitor tracks several different system failures and includes a numeric indica-
tor of your server's reliability. You can use it to correlate certain events with system prob-
lems. Many events tracked in Reliability Monitor are also logged in Event Viewer.
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Server Core has a minimal user interface and is ideal for branch office servers and for vir-
tualizing servers performing particular roles. Using the command line, you can add and
remove server roles, join a server to a domain, and install or remove AD DS. For remote
management of Server Core, you must configure the firewall to allow remote administra-
tion. MMC snap-ins can then be used on a Vista computer or a full installation server to
manage Server Core remotely.
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Hundreds of command-line tools are available to manage all aspects of a Windows Server
2008 environment. Command-line tools are useful for managing a Server Core installation
and performing repetitive tasks.
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