Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
9. Click
Start
,
Run
, type
MMC
in the Open text box, and click
OK
.
10. Click
File
,
Add/Remove Snap-in
from the MMC menu.
11. In the Available snap-ins list box, click
Active Directory Schema
. Click
Add
, and then click
OK
.
12. Right-click
Active Directory Schema
and click
Operations Master
. Note that only one DC
in the entire forest performs the schema master role. Click
Close
. When prompted to save
your console settings, click
No
. Close all open windows.
Active Directory Replication
Replication is the process of maintaining a consistent data-
base of information when the database is distributed among several locations. Active Directory
contains several databases called partitions that are replicated between domain controllers by using
intrasite replication or intersite replication.
Intrasite replication
is replication between domain con-
trollers in the same site;
intersite replication
occurs between two or more sites. (Sites are discussed
in more detail later in “Understanding Sites.”) The replication process differs in these two types,
but the goal is the same—to maintain a consistent set of domain directory partitions.
Active Directory uses
multimaster replication
for replicating Active Directory objects, such as
user and computer accounts, which means changes to these objects can occur on any domain con-
troller and are propagated, or replicated, to all other domain controllers. Intrasite replication
occurs between replication partners in an Active Directory site; a replication partner is a pair of
domain controllers configured to replicate with one another. A process called the
Knowledge
Consistency Checker (KCC)
runs on every domain controller to determine the replication topology,
which defines the domain controller path that Active Directory changes flow through. This path is
configured as a ring (or multiple rings, if there are enough domain controllers), with each domain
controller in the path constituting a hop. The KCC is designed to ensure no more than three hops
between any two domain controllers, which can result in multiple rings, as shown in Figure 4-9.
4
DC 1
DC 2
DC 4
DC 3
DC 6
DC 5
DC 7
Site 1
Figure 4-9
Replication topology
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