Structure and Properties of Lake Ice - Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover - page 53

Fig. 3.1 a Water molecules in liquid state; b Ice Ih crystal lattice with projections to the basal plane
and perpendicular C): a = 0.4523 nm,

c = 0.7367 nm (cell length along c-axis), r = 0.2760 nm (distance between neighbouring molecules),
r ′ = 0.0923 nm. Modified from Pounder (1965)

to the basal plane. The lattice parameters are (0 °

anisotropy between the basal plane and the c-axis. In particular, there are more hydrogen
bonds in the basal plane than perpendicular to it, and therefore many physical properties of
ice show corresponding anisotropy.