References - Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover - page 292

Niiler, P.P., and Kraus, E.B. (1977) One-dimensional models of the upper ocean. In: E.B. Kraus
(ed.), Modelling and prediction of the upper layers of the ocean, pp. 143 - 172. Pergamon Press,
Oxford, U.K.
Nolan, M. (2013) Quantitative and qualitative constraints on hind-casting the formation of multi-
year lake-ice covers at Lake El ' gygytgyn. Climate of the Past, 9, 1253 - 1269.
Nye, J.F. (1973) The physical meaning of two-dimensional stresses in a floating ice cover. AIDJEX
Bulletin, 21, 1 - 9.
Omstedt A. (2011) Guide to process based modelling of lakes and coastal seas. Springer-Praxis
topics in Geophysical Sciences. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
Omstedt. A. and Svensson, U. (1984) Modeling supercooling and ice formation in a turbulent
Ekman layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 89(C1), 735 - 744.
Osborn, M., and Mitchell, S.A. (2007) The battle on ice. ANQ, 20(3), 70 - 74.
Osterkamp, T.E. (1977) Frazil ice nucleation by mass-exchange processes at the air-water interface.
Journal of Glaciology, 19(81), 619 - 625.
Ovsienko, S. (1976) Numerical modeling of the drift of ice. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic
Physics, 12(11), 1201 - 1206.
Palmer, A., Croasdale, K. (2012) Arctic offshore engineering. World Scientific Publishing,

Singapore.
Palmer, S.J., Dowdeswell, J.A., Christoffersen, P., Young, D.A., Blankenship, D.D., Greenbaum, J.
S., Benham, T., Bamber, J., and Siegert, M.J. (2013) Greenland subglacial lakes detected by
radar. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 6154 - 6159. doi: 10.1002/2013GL058383 .
Palosuo, E. (1961) Crystal structure of brackish and fresh-water ice. Snow and Ice Commission
Publication 54, pp. 9 - 14. IASH, Gentbugge, Belgium.
Palosuo, E. (1965) Frozen slush on lake ice. Geophysica, 9(2), 131 - 147.
Palosuo, E. (1982) J ää n vahvistaminen Finlandia-82 hiihdon l ä ht ö paikalla [Strengthening of the ice
at start of the Finlandia-82 ski event]. Report Series in Geophysics 16. Department of Physics,
University of Helsinki.
Panfilov, D.F. (1960) Approximate method to analyze the bearing capacity of an ice cover. Izvestiya
Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel ' skogo Instituta Gidrotekhniki, 65, 221 - 224.
Parmerter, R.R. (1975) A model of simple rafting in sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80
(15), 1948 - 1952.
Parsekian, A.D., Jones, B.M., Jones, M., Grosse, G., Walter Anthony, K.M., and Slater, L. (2011)
Expansion rate and geometry of floating vegetation mats on the margins of thermokarst lakes,

northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(14),
1889 - 1897.
Paterson, W. (1999) Physics of glaciers, 3rd ed. Butterworth - Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
Patterson, J. C., and Hamblin, P. F. (1988) Thermal simulation of a lake with winter ice cover.
Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 323 - 338.
Paulson, C.A. (1970) The mathematical representation of windspeed and temperature profiles in the
unstable atmospheric boundary layer, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 9, 857 - 861.
Perovich, D. K. (1990) Theoretical estimates of light reflection and transmission by spatially
complex and temporally varying sea ice covers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(C6),
9557 - 9567, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC06p09557 .
Perovich, D.K. (1998) The optical properties of sea ice. In Lepp ä ranta, M. (ed.), Physics of ice-
covered seas, Vol. 1, pp. 195 - 230. Helsinki, University of Helsinki Press. (Available at https://
helda.helsinki./handle/10138/39285 ).
Perovich, D.K., and Polashenski, C. (2012) Albedo evolution of seasonal Arctic sea ice.
Geophysical Research Letters 39, L08501, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051432 .