Freezing of Lakes - Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover - page 14

Fig. 2.2 Lakes in the cold climate zone: a Ephemeral, Lake M ü ggelsee, Berlin; b Boreal, Lake
P ää j ä rvi, southern Finland; c Tundra, Lake Kilpisj ä rvi, Lapland; d Deep, non-freezing lake, Lake
Shikotsu, Hokkaido

Table 2.1 The origins of lake basins with examples from the cold climate zone

Class Mechanism for depression Examples

Tectonic Plate shifts Lake Baikal (Russia)

Volcanic Volcano crater Lake Shikotsu (Hokkaido, Japan)

Meteorite Impact crater Lake Lappaj ä rvi (Finland)

Landslide Land mass accumulation Attabad Lake (Pakistan)

Reservoir Man-made Rybinsk reservoir (Volga basin, Russia)

Glacial Ice sheet dynamics Lake Saimaa (Finland)

Epiglacial Ice sheet dynamics Lake Mandrone (Italy)

Supraglacial Solar radiation Lake Suvivesi (Dronning Maud Land)

Subglacial Glacial pressure Lake Vostok (East Antarctica)

glaciers and ice sheets, and glacial meltwater forms the main part of their water balance.
Supraglacial lakes are a particular category in that their base is ice rather than rock or soil.
Sometimes epishelf lakes are taken as their own category, accounting for freshwater lakes
at the surface of ice shelves and a marine basin underneath.