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freeze-up, then follows the period of complete ice cover (Phase #3), and the fourth one is
the ice decay period. The lengths of these phases largely depend on the lake size. In small
and medium-size lakes Phases #2 and #4 take normally 2
3 weeks each, while the length
of Phase #3 depends on the climate zone and can be from zero to more than 6 months.
Water renewal is slow in winter, especially if the soil is frozen and covered by snow.
The in
-
ow is then from brooks and rivers and from the ground beneath lakes (Bengtsson
1986, 1996). This is clearly illustrated by the in
fl
fl
ow time series for Lake Vanajavesi
(Fig. 7.7 ).
Fig. 7.7 Lake Vanajavesi, Southern Finland. Top monthly water balance, inflow and outflow;
Bottom monthly precipitation, evaporation and their net value (Jokiniemi 2011)
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