Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.
overall characteristics of the retaining structures.
Maximum height
above foundation
(m)
approximate
length (m)
stretch
Designation
Type of retaining structures
M01
soil nailed wall
120.0
8.2
M02
soil nailed wall
32.6
8.3
south
abutment
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
30.5
7.2
M03
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
48.0
8.5
M04
soil nailed wall
165.5
10.9
north
abutment
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
30.5
9.9
M05
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
133.4
11.8
M08
Reinforced earth retaining wall with
jet-grouting foundation
56.6
5.4
anchored pile wall
39.4
5.1
M09
semi-gravity wall
67.9
4.8
Machico sul
interchange
M10
Reinforced concrete wall with
jet-grouting foundation
39.0
3.9
M11
Reinforced concrete wall
4.4
2.9
M12
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
144.6
9.0
M13
anchored wall
32.0
4.2
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
53.4
2.8
M14
Reinforced earth retaining wall with
jet-grouting foundation
30.1
3.5
M15
anchored pile wall
98.2
6.2
M16
anchored pile wall
44.0
7.4
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
20.0
6.0
M22
Gravity wall in cyclopean concrete
69.2
9.0
M24
Reinforced concrete wall
25.0
3.3
Tl2
soil nailed slope
760.0
20.0
M4
Reinforced concrete wall with
jet-grouting foundation
50.0
7.6
east Portal of Portais
Tunnel
M5
Reinforced concrete wall with jet-
grouting foundation + Gravity wall in
cyclopean concrete
84.0
11.8
M6
anchored pile wall + Gravity wall in
cyclopean concrete
125.9
7.0
Table 2.
Geotechnical parameters of supported and foundation materials.
Weathered tuffs
with volcanic
bombs
compacted tuffs
with volcanic
bombs
slope
deposits
Disaggregated
breccias
compacted
breccias
Fractured
basalts
Parameter
Tufs
Density γ (kn/m
3
)
19
19
19
19
20
21
22
12 a 16
28
25
30
36
38
40
Friction angle ø′ (°)
effective cohesion c' (kPa) 5
15
15
20
10
25
50
Undrained shear strenght
cu (kPa)
20
-
-
130
-
-
-
3
concePTion anD oVeRal
DescRiPTion oF The solUTions
DeVeloPeD
geotechnical, topographic, land occupation, eco-
nomic and executive aspects (cenor & Grid 2002c).
The most important constraints were geological and
geotechnical in nature due to the presence of poor
resistance slope deposits along the entire express-
way, oftentimes unstable and of significant depth.
The solutions studied for the various retaining struc-
tures took into consideration the geological and
