Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3
Biomedical
lApplicationsofCarbon-BasedMaterials
SubbiahAlwarappan,ShreeR.Singh,andAshokKumar
CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 111
Methods of Synthesis of Various Carbon-Based Materials ................................................... 112
Pyrolytic Graphite .................................................................................................................. 112
Highly Oriented PG ............................................................................................................... 113
Glassy Carbon......................................................................................................................... 114
Carbon Fibers.......................................................................................................................... 114
Carbon Black ........................................................................................................................... 114
Carbon Film............................................................................................................................. 115
Diamond-Like Carbon........................................................................................................... 115
Carbon Nanotubes ................................................................................................................. 115
Fullerenes ................................................................................................................................ 116
Graphene ................................................................................................................................. 116
Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Materials ........................................................... 117
Biomedical Utility of CNTs ................................................................................................... 117
CNTs for Therapeutic Applications ................................................................................ 117
CNTs and Their Related Cellular Uptake ...................................................................... 118
CNTs for Drug Delivery ................................................................................................... 119
Biomedical Utility of Diamond ............................................................................................ 120
Diamond for Orthopedic Applications .......................................................................... 121
Diamond for Cardiovascular Applications.................................................................... 121
DLC-Coated Guide Wires ................................................................................................ 122
Other Biomedical Applications of Diamond ................................................................. 122
Biomedical Applications of Fullerenes................................................................................ 123
Functionalized Fullerenes as Drug Delivery Agents.................................................... 123
Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species by Functionalized Fullerenes................... 124
Functionalized Fullerenes as MRI Contrast Agents ..................................................... 125
Other Important Applications of Functionalized Fullerenes ...................................... 127
Acknowledgment........................................................................................................................ 127
References..................................................................................................................................... 127
Introduction
Carbon materials possess excellent mechanical, tribological, and biological properties, and
as a result, carbon-based materials find applications in biomedical devices including car-
diovascular, orthopedic, and dental applications [1-3]. Pyrolytic graphite (PG) and other
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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