Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
bivariate correlation test was runned in order to describe the relationships between
scapular spinal tilt (Szt) and shoulder external thoracohumeral and scapulohumeral
rotation.
3R su s
No significant interaction was found between group and speed motion for any of the
three scapular and the two humeral dependent variables.
On both groups, the increment of arm velocity imposed a decrease on the
amplitude of the humeral external rotation. The throwers group showed at the end-
range of the humeral external rotation, significantly less amplitude of HRs (23
ı
difference; P
0.04) and a scapula more in retraction (15
ı
difference; P
0.00).
Considering the influence of the fast arm condition, amplitude of HRs was lower
at the end-range of external rotation (13,6
ı
difference; P
D
D
0.04). Also on throwers,
scapula was also kept more in retraction at the end-range of ER (Table
3
).
Considering fast shoulder external rotation between spinal tilt (Szt) and thoraco-
humeral (TH) and glenohumeral (GH) arc a positive correlation was found on the
control group.
Concerning volleyball players a negative correlation was found between Szt and
TH and no correlation on handball players was realized. In the control group we
found a linear relation, so, with higher external rotation, less scapular tilt is shown.
At the non-throwers group movement occurs more in the GH while in volleyball
we have movement in GH and scapula. At fast condition on volleyball players a
negative correlation was shown (Fig.
2
). On volleyball players, scapula assumes a
position on posterior spinal tilt (acromion backwards) when humerus is positioned
more in external rotation. No correlation was found between volleyball players and
the slow arm condition.
D
Tabl e 3
Humeral and scapular 3D position at the end-range of external rotation on both groups
(throwers and non-throwers) during the fast condition. [Mean
˙
standard deviation (degrees)]
Non-throwers
Throwers
Humeral external rotation w.r.t. Thorax
96.3
˙
26.8
77.5
˙
19.2
Humeral external rotation w.r.t. Scapula
90.4
˙
29.2
65.6
˙
19.5
Scapular protraction
(
Syt
) (at end-range of humeral
external rotation)
32.5
˙
14.0
17.4
˙
5.6
Scapular lateral rotation
(
Sxt
) (at end-range of humeral
external rotation)
42.1
˙
9.8
39.4
˙
12.1
Scapular spinal tilt
(
Szt
) (at end-range of humeral external
rotation)
8.3
˙
7.1
9.9
˙
6.5
w.r.t
. with respect to
