Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1911
Mongolia declares independence from the dying Manchu empire and sets up religious leader
the Bogd Khan as the head of state.
1915
The Treaty of Khyakhta is signed by Mongolia, China and Russia, granting Mongolia limited
autonomy.
1921
The mad Russian baron, von Ungern-Sternberg, briefly conquers Mongolia but the Red Army
and Mongolian forces under D Sükhbaatar defeat him.
1924
The Bogd Khan, the eighth reincarnation of the Jebtzun Damba, dies. The People's Republic of
Mongolia is created on 26 November.
1937
Choibalsan's Buddhist purge leaves 700 monasteries destroyed and 27,000 monks and civilians
dead.
1937
Former Mongolian prime minister Genden is tried in Moscow on trumped-up espionage
charges, found guilty and executed by firing squad on 26 November.
1939
Japan invades Mongolia from Manchuria in May. With help from the Soviet Union, and after
heavy fighting along the Khalkh Gol, the Mongols defeat Japan by September.
1945
In a UN-sponsored plebiscite, Mongolians vote overwhelmingly to confirm their independence
but the USA and China refuse to admit Mongolia to the UN.
1956
The Trans-Siberian Railway through Mongolia is completed, connecting Bĕijīng with Moscow.
The Chinese and Russian trains still operate on different gauges, requiring the bogies to be
swapped at the border.
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