Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
At a minimum, producers must (1) identify areas at risk of erosion,
compaction and leaching; (2) create a policy related to organic matter
management; (3) implement a soil analysis program; (4) assess field conditions
prior to cultivation; (5) create a nutrient management plan; (6) calculate
nitrogen needs to limit leaching risk; and (7) record all nutrient management
applications. In addition, the Framework encourages producers to (1)
maintain a soil map that identifies the main soil types and associated
characteristics on the farm; (2) plan crop rotations a minimum of three years in
advance; (3) establish a Soil Management Plan; (4) keep current with technical
information and advice related to soil management; (5) maintain soil cover
during non-production periods; (6) take measures to prevent soil compaction,
improve soil structure and increase porosity; (7) monitor soil pH; and (8)
record all soil operations by type of crop and/or field. The ultimate objective of
the soil guidelines is to demonstrate that conservation and improvement of soil
resources is essential to Integrated Farming.
d
n
1
r
2
n
g
|
9
4.4 European Union Organic Production and Labelling of
Organic Products
The European Union's Organic Regulation
33
establishes the legal framework for
all levels of production, distribution, control and labelling of organic products
for purchase and trade in the EU. The regulations apply to living or unprocessed
products, processed foods, animal feed and seed, and propagating material.
In terms of soil parameters, the regulations generally state that organic plant
production should maintain and enhance soil fertility, prevent soil erosion and
derive nutrients primarily from the soil. More specifically, the regulations
identify soil fertility management, crop rotation, appropriate choice of crop
species and varieties, recycling of organic materials and judicious use of
fertilisers, soil conditions and plant protection products as ''essential'' elements
of an organic plant production system. The crucial role of soils in organic
production systems is succinctly captured in the only soil-related principle
explicitly included in the EU regulations, which states that ''organic farming
shall be based on the maintenance and enhancement of soil life and natural soil
fertility, soil stability and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating soil
compaction and soil erosion, and the nourishing of plants primarily through
the soil ecosystem.''
4.5
Generic Fairtrade Standards for Small Producers'
Organisations
The Fairtrade Labelling Organisation International (FLO) Standards for
Small Producers' Organisations
34
were created to help small producers in the
Global South overcome barriers to economic development and empowerment.
In order to qualify for certification, small farmers must comply with criteria
across
several
impact
categories
that
address
issues
related
to
social
