Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
These are used in either a Tier 1 mode, where the objective is simply to measure
or observe, or a Tier 2 mode where the objective is to measure in order to
improve. We conclude with a call to action aimed to achieve and test our
progress toward agriculture in long-term balance with our resources - an
agriculture that improves soils in every dimension and protects against soil
degradation, which is a growing threat in the face of increasingly frequent
extreme weather in the Anthropocene era. But the present is not reassuring.
Each year it is estimated that 12 000 million ha of land degrade to the point
where the land is lost to agriculture, equivalent to 20 million tonnes of
grain.
57,58
Beyond science, there is an urgent need to understand and affect the
decisions we make about soil resources for our long-term survival and quality
of life and for the integrity of the planetary system.
d
n
1
r
2
n
g
|
9
References
1. A. E. Hartemink and A. McBratney, Geoderma, 2008, 148(2), 123-129.
2. UNEP, Global Environmental Outlook GEO4 - Environment for
Development,United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 2007.
3. P. A. Sanchez, S. Ahamed, F. Carre, A. E. Hartemink, J. Hempel, J.
Huising, P. Lagacherie, A. B. McBratney, N. J. McKenzie, M. D.
Mendonca-Santos, B. Minasny, L. Montanarella, P. Okoth, C. A. Palm, J.
D. Sachs, K. D. Shepherd, T. G. Vagen, B. Vanlauwe, M. G. Walsh, L. A.
Winowiecki and G. L. Zhang, Science, 2009, 325(5941), 680-681.
4. A. Marchetti, C. Piccini, R. Francaviglia and L. Mabit, Pedosphere, 2012,
22(2), 230-242.
5. E. L. Thomaz and J. C. Luiz, Land Degradat. Dev., 2012, 23(1), 72-81.
6. F. Khormali and M. Ajami, Geoderma, 2011, 167-68, 274-283.
7. R.
Lal,
Climate
Change
and
Food
Security
in
South
Asia,
Springer,
2011,137-152.
8. Y. A. Phillis and L. A. Andriantiatsaholiniaina, Ecol. Econom., 2001,
37(3), 435-456.
9. D. J. Greenland, in Soil Science and Sustainable Land Management in the
Tropics,
ed.
J.
K.
Syers
and
D.
L.
Rimmer,
CAB
International,
Wallingford, 1994, pp. 1-15.
10. A.
Young,
Agroforestry
for
Soil
Management,
2nd
edn,
1997,
CAB
International, Wallingford, 1997.
11. J. Bouma, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1994, 58, 645-646.
12. M. C. Scholes, M. J. Swift, O. W. Heal, P. A. Sanchez, J. S. I. Ingram and
R. Dalal, in The Biological Management of Tropical Soil Fertility, ed. P. L.
Woomer and M. J. Swift, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1994, pp. 1-14.
13. M.
J.
Swift,
in
Soil
Resilience
and Sustainable
Land Use,
ed.
D.
J.
Greenland
and
I.
Szabolcs,
CAB
International,
Wallingford,
1994,
pp. 235-248.
14. A. E. Hartemink, Soil Use and Management, 2008, 24(4), 327-330.
