New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices - Antifouling Paint Biocides - page 51

New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods
for the Determination of Organotin Compounds
in Marine Matrices

C. Brunori 1 ·I.Ipolyi 2 · P. Massanisso 1 ·R.Morabito 3 ( )

1 ENEA

PROT-CHIM, Rome, Italy
2 Corvinus University, Budapest, Hungary
3 ENEA

/

/

PROT, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Rome, Italy
[e-mail]

1 I tr cti n ................................... 53

2 Sample Preparation Methods for Organotin Analysis ............ 54

2.1 Sample Preparation Methods

fortheDeterminationofOrganotinCompoundsinSeawater ........

55

2.2 Sample Preparation Methods

for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Sediment Samples . . . 57

2.3 Sample Preparation Methods

for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Biological Samples . . 61

3 The Commonly Applied Instrumental Techniques

for the Determination of Organotins in Marine Samples .......... 64

4 cl si s ................................... 66

References ....................................... 68

Abstract Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its de-
termination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for speciation analysis in
general, organotin analysis is a highly complex analysis with a long and laborious sample
treatment procedure prone to various errors. It is widely recognized that the contribution
of sample treatment to the total calculated uncertainty of a method is much larger than
the contribution from the instrumental analysis. Furthermore, in contrary to instrumen-
tal analysis, sample treatment is far from being under control. Extraction, derivatization
when needed, and preconcentration are usually carried out by exploiting a large var-
iety of reagent combinations and techniques characterized by different efficiency and
reproducibility.
In this chapter new approaches in sample treatment procedures for organotin spe-
ciation that have emerged within the last 5 years are presented schematically and
discussed briefly underlining the main advantages and disadvantages of the individual
solutions.
In the extraction and preconcentration steps the new tendencies are oriented towards
the use of reduced-solvent or solvent-free systems, such as accelerated solvent extraction
(ASE) or solid phase micro extraction (SPME). Derivatization has seen no significant de-
velopments within the last 15 years. The most significant development has probably been
achieved in instrumental analysis with the application of isotope dilution techniques in