Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12
Aquatic environmental occurrence of tetramethyltin and butylmethyltin com-
pounds [24]
a
Medium
Me
4
Sn
Bu
2
SnMe
2
Bu
3
SnMe
Refs.
(mol LSn
-1
(mol LSn
-1
(mol LSn
-1
Location
or
or
or
mol kgSn
-1
)
ol kgSn
-1
)
mol kgSn
-1
)
Estuarine water
Baltimore Harbor
<
8.40
×
10
-11
[114]
×
10
-9
-2.52
Invertebrates
California coast
n.d.-3.35
×
10
-8
[115]
(dry weight)
Algae
San Diego Bay
×
10
-8
n.d.-6.98
[115]
(dry weight)
Sediment
Ontario
×
10
-8
×
10
-8
×
10
-8
n.d.-4.68
n.d.-4.68
n.d.-7.47
[57]
(dry weight)
(dry weight)
10.9
±
3.6 (
µ
gkg
-1
)
12.3
±
3.1 (
µ
gkg
-1
) [116]
Port Dover Harbor
Top 2 cm
(dry weight)
(dry weight)
a
This table is revised from the table which Wilson, Nicholson and Prosser presented in
ITIR Publication No 669 in 1986 [24]
environmental occurrence of methyltin compounds is shown in Tables 11 and
12 [24, 107-117].
Vella and Vassallo reported on TBT-contaminated sediment from Mars-
amxett Harbor, Malta, placed in 0.5 L chambers through which air was dis-
placed by continuous pumping for 11 days, which released mainly methyl-
butyltins with concentrations (as for tin) reaching a maximum at 48 h
showing mean values of 8.7 (Me
3
SnBu), 22.1 (Me
2
SnBu
2
)and93.0 ng m
-3
(MeSnBu
3
) [118].
Marine sediment contaminated with TBT residues can host methyl-
butyltins, presumably formed by the environmental methylation of TBT and
its debutylated metabolites. These substances are far more volatile than polar
TB T, DB T and M B T, and woul d b e rel eased into t he at mo sphere f rom sedi-
ment that has been dredged up from the sea and allowed to dry on land.
The preliminary results presented here suggested that air pollution from such
sediment is probably minor; however, more work is necessary to establish
the extent of this problem, especially in situations where the vapors emitted
can be accumulated in some way, and also in regard to any ecological effect
caused by any land uses to which a consideration similar to the sediment may
be applied [118].
Recently, Amouroux et al. [119] reported on volatile organotin compounds
in the Arcachon Bay (southwest France). These compounds, formed by the
