Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
biocidal uses include use as antifeedants, acaricides, stone preservants, disin-
fectants and molluscicides.
The organotin compounds are used mainly by utilizing the following two
characteristics. The first is the strong affinity of the tin atom with a donor ligand
atom such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen. The second comprises physiological
activities such as biocidal activities (e.g., bactericidal, fungicidal, acaricidal,
Table 1
Industrial applications of organotin compounds [16-22]
Application
Compound
R
3
SnX
Agriculture
fungicides Ph
3
SnX (X = OH, OAc), (Cy)
3
SnOH
antifeedants Ph
3
SnX (X = OH, OAc),
acaricides (Cy)
3
SnOH,
((Ph - C(CH
3
)
2
CH
2
)
3
Sn)
2
O
ยท
Antifouling paint biocides
Ph
3
SnX (X = OH,OAc,F,Cl,SCS
NMe
2
),
(Bu
3
Sn)
2
O, Bu
3
SnX (X = F, Cl, OAc)
(- CH
2
C(CH
3
)(COOSnBu
3
)-)
n
Wood preservative fungicides
(Bu
3
Sn)
2
O, (Bu
3
Sn)
3
PO
4
,
Bu
3
Sn(naphthalenate)
Stone preservation
(Bu
3
Sn)
2
O
Disinfectants
Bu
3
SnOCOPh, (Bu
3
Sn)
2
O
Molluscicides (field trials)
Bu
3
SnF, (Bu
3
Sn)
2
O
R
2
SnX
2
Heat and light stabilizers for rigid PVC
R
2
Sn(SCH
2
COO -1-Oct)
2
(R = Me, Bu, BuOCOCH
2
CH
2
),
(R
2
)Sn(OCOCH= CHCOO)
n
(R = Bu, Oct),
(R
2
)Sn(OCOCH= CHCOOOct)
2
,
(R
2
)Sn(OCOC
11
H
23
)
2
, (R
2
)Sn(SC
12
H
25
)
2
Homogeneous catalysts for RTV silicon,
R
2
Sn(OCOCH
3
)
2
,R
2
Sn(OCO - i - Oct)
2
,
polyurethane foam and
(R
2
)Sn(OCOC
11
H
23
)
2
, (R
2
)Sn(OCOC
12
H
25
)
2
,
transestserification reactions
(Bu
3
Sn)
2
O
Precursor for forming SnO
2
Me
2
SnCl
2
films on glass
Anthelmintics for poultry
Bu
2
Sn(OCOC
11
H
23
)
2
RSnX
3
Heat stabilizers for rigid PVC
RSn(SCH
2
COO -1-Oct)
3
(R = Me, Bu, Oct,
BuOCOCH
2
CH
2
), (BuSnS
1.5
)
4
R
2
Sn(SCH
2
COO - i - Oct)
2
(R = Me, Bu, Oct)
Homogenous catalysts for
[BuSn(O)(OH)]
n
,BuSn(OH)
2
Cl
transesterification reactions
Precursor for SnO
2
films on glass BuSnCl
3
,MeSnCl
3
a
,Me
2
SnCl
2
a
These compounds are used in combination with the corresponding R
2
SnX
2
derivatives
