Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Mean concentrations (ng L
-1
) of Irgarol 1051 in samples taken from marinas and
Fig. 3
ports
this compound, Mediterranean coastal environments were the most contam-
inated (Fig. 3). Chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and SeaNine 211 were sporadi-
cally encountered, primarily in the Mediterranean. In isolated cases, however,
high concentrations of these were recorded. Measurable concentrations of the
degradation products of Irgarol 1051 and diuron were also recorded, albeit at
lower levels than those of the parent compounds.
In summary, on a global scale, data are available for the biocides most
commonly used in Europe, North America and Japan (i.e. diuron, Irgarol 1051
and SeaNine 211), whilst negligible data are available for the others.
4
Fates, Effects and Environmental Risks
The behaviour and fates of booster biocides in coastal waters have been re-
viewed [9, 10] and further details are provided in chapters within this volume.
Removal of the compounds from the water column can occur through bi-
otic degradation, photo-degradation, chemical hydrolysis, sorption to partic-
ulates followed by sedimentation, volatilization, or bioaccumulation. A com-
