General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants in the Environment - Antifouling Paint Biocides - page 227

General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants
in the Environment

Iwao Omae
Omae Research Laboratories, 335-23, Mizuno, Sayama, 350-1317 Saitama, Japan
[e-mail]

1 I tr cti n ................................... 228

2 Natural Products Antifoulants ......................... 229

3 er e es ..................................... 230

3.1 Introduction................................... 230

3.2 MonoterpenesandTheirDerivatives ..................... 234

3.3 SusquiterpenesandTheirDerivatives ..................... 234

3.4 DiterpenesandTheirDerivatives ....................... 237

3.5 Sesterterpenes .................................. 240

4 Nitrogen-containing Compounds ....................... 241

4.1 Introduction................................... 241

4.2 HetrocyclicCompounds............................. 241

4.2.1 Gramines..................................... 241

4.2.2 Pyrrols...................................... 245

4.2.3 Pyrazoles..................................... 246

4.2.4 Others ...................................... 246

4.3 Amides...................................... 247

4.4 OtherNitrogen-containingCompounds.................... 248

5 e ls ...................................... 248

5.1 MonophenolDerivatives ............................ 248

5.2 PolyphenolDerivatives ............................. 251

6 Ster i s ..................................... 253

7 t ers ...................................... 257

8 cl si s ................................... 260

References ....................................... 260

Abstract Many marine lives prevent the surface of their bodies with antifouling sub-
stances without causing serious environmental problems. Some terrestrial plants also
have the same kinds of substances. Therefore, these substances may be expected to be
utilized as new environmentally friendly antifouling agents, especially those having high
anesthetic, repellent, settlement deterrent, settlement inhibitory properties, etc., with-
out having biocidal properties. These natural products are classified into five kinds of
compounds, i.e., terpenes, nitrogen-containing compounds, phenols, steroids and others.