Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4
Conclusions
(1) The toxicities of the new biocides are classified as “toxic” or “very toxic”
by the OECD classification guidelines, and show almost the same toxicity as
TBT. However, these new biocides are not stable in comparison with the pre-
viously used antifouling biocides [tributyltin compounds (TBT)]. It can be
concluded from these results that the new biocides do not persist for a long
time in aquatic environments, and that the environmental impact of these
biocides is smaller than that of TBT.
(2) Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Diuron, Irgarol 1051, M1, and Sea Nine
211 have been detected in natural waters, the concentrations were higher in
marinas and small fishery harbors than in the coastal waters. The only re-
search carried out in Japan has been on the occurrence of ZnPT and CuPT in
seawater and was by Harino et al.; however, pyrithion compounds were not
detected. A detailed survey is needed to clarify the present situation regarding
contamination by the new antifouling biocides.
(3) The reported concentrations of Irgarol 1051, M1, and Sea Nine 211 in
natural waters exceed the PNEC values of these new biocides especially in
marinas and fishery harbors. Irgarol 1051, M1, and Sea Nine 211 are causing
a hazardous impact on the aquatic ecosystem in marinas and fishery harbors.
In order to assess the ecotoxicological risk of the new biocides in detail, fur-
ther research is needed to clarify the toxicity and to develop the methods of
estimating concentrations in natural waters.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Dr. Kazufumi Takayanagi (Seikai National Institute of
Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Japan) for his advice and critical readings of
this paper. Thanks are also due to Mr. Toshimitsu Onzuka for his assistance in preparing
afigure.
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