Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Acute toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides to aquatic organisms
Aquatic organisms
Endpoint
Acute toxicity
ZnPT
a
CuPT
b
Pk
c
Sea Nine 211
d
Chlorothalonil
e
Pyrizine-
sulfonic
(mg L
-1
)
(mg L
-1
)
g
-1
)(mgL
-1
)
g L
-1
)
g L
-1
)
aci
(
(
(
Micro algae
Selenastrum capricornutum
72-120 hEC
50
0.028 [21]
f
0.035 [21]
0.032 [23]
Skeletonema costatum
72 hEC
50
0.00206 [21]
0.0284 [21]
0.00215 [20] 0.0139 [23]
freshwater algae
120 hLC
50
28.9 [21]
Crustacean
Daphnia magna
48 hEC
50
0.029-0.034 [21] 0.022 [21]
>
122 [21]
0.097-0.129 [24]
mysid shrimp
96 hLC
50
0.0063 [21]
71.6 [21]
0.0047 [23]
brown shrimp
96 hLC
50
0.0124 [23]
Uca pugilator
96 hLC
50
1.312 [23]
Penaeus japonicus
96 hLC
50
1.78 [21]
0.0436 [21]
0.149 [20]
0.0126 [20]
Tigriopus japonicus
24 hEC
50
0.16 [22]
0.031 [22]
0.016 [22]
0.03 [21]
Tigriopus japonicus
24 hLC
50
>
0.5 [22]
0.041 [22]
0.11 [22]
0.077 [21]
Mussel
bay mussel
96h LC
50
0.85 [23]
Fish
Lepomis macrochirus
96 hLC
50
0.014 [23]
Pimephales promelas
96 hLC
50
0.0026 [21]
0.0043 [21]
68.5 [21]
Oncorhynchus mykiss
96 hLC
50
0.0032 [21]
57.1 [21]
0.0027 [23]
0.069-0.076 [24]
Cyprinodon variegatus
96 hLC
50
0.4 [21]
>
127 [21]
0.0205 [23]
Pagrus major
96 hLC
50
0.273 [21]
0.00767 [21]
0.242 [20]
Gasterosteus aculeatus
0.073 [24]
a
bis-(1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionate-O,S)zinc.
b
bis-(1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionate-O,S)copper
c
Pyridinetriphenylboron.
d
4,5-Dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone(Sea Nine-211)
e
2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-isophthalonitrile.
f
Figure in brackets exhibits the reference number