Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3
Combinations of biocides in antifouling paint products
Numbers of products
Biocide
No biocide One biocide Two-biocide Three-biocide
Four-biocide Total
combination combination
combination
1. Cu
2
O
0
52
153
66
8
279
2. CuPT
0
0
100
24
3
127
3. ZnPT
0
0
60
18
9
87
4. TPBP
0
5
40
8
10
63
5. Diuron
0
0
23
33
7
63
6. SN211
0
1
1
30
7
39
7. Irgarol
0
0
11
10
11
32
8. TPN
0
1
1
19
2
23
9. DCF
0
0
4
13
3
20
10. CuSCN
0
1
3
5
4
13
11. Ziram
0
0
0
3
7
10
12. Zineb
0
0
4
1
2
7
13. TCPM
0
0
0
2
3
5
14. Densil
0
0
0
4
0
4
15. NACS
0
0
0
2
0
2
16. Thiram
0
0
0
2
0
2
Number of
21
60
400
/
2 = 200
240
/
3 = 80
76
/
4 = 19
380
products
of combinations, and three-biocide mixtures occur in 80 products. The trends
are clearly shown in Fig. 4.
In the 60 products containing one biocide, Cu
2
O is used in 52 products, fol-
lowed by TPBP in five products, and SN211, chlorothalonil (TPN) and CuSCN
in one product each (Table 3).
In two-biocide mixtures, Cu
2
O is used in 153 products, followed by CuPT
in 100 products, ZnPT in 60 products, TPBP in 40 products, and Diuron in 23
products. Two-biocide mixtures consisted of 13 combinations with 200 prod-
ucts (Table 4). The major combinations are Cu
2
O and CuPT with 99 products,
ZnPT and TPBP with 36 products, Cu
2
O and ZnPT with 23 products, and
Cu
2
O and Diuron with 22 products.
In three-biocide mixtures, Cu
2
O is used in 66 products, followed by Diuron
in 33 products, and SN211 in 30 products. Three-biocide mixtures consisted
of 24 combinations with 80 products (Table 5). The major combinations are
Cu
2
O, Diuron, and SN211 with 13 products, Cu
2
O, CuPT, and dichlofluanid
(DCF) with 13 products, and Cu
2
O, Diuron, and TPN with 11 products.
Four-biocide mixtures consisted of 19 products, with Irgarol used in 11
products, followed by TPBP in ten products, ZnPT in nine products, and
Cu
2
O in eight products. Four-biocide mixtures consisted of seven combina-
tions, and the major one is ZnPT, TPBP, Irgarol and ziram (Table 6).
