Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Number of paint products per antifouling system
Antifouling system
Number of products
Organotin-free self-polishing type
155
Organotin-free self-polishing hydrolysis type
85
Organotin-free ablative type
60
Organotin-free self-polishing hydration type
30
Organotin-free conventional type
24
Biocide-free silicon type
16
TBT-free self-polishing copolymer
4
Foul release coating
2
Conventional antifouling
1
Hybrid TBT-free self-polishing
1
TBT-free controlled depletion polymer
1
TBT-free soluble matrix
1
Total
380
TBT
tributyltin
type. Sixteen products (4.2%) are of a “biocide-free silicone” type, and the
other 364 products (95.8%) contain biocides free of organotin compounds.
The most popular type is the “organotin-free self-polishing type” with 155
products, followed by the “organotin-free self-polishing hydrolysis type” with
85 products, and the “organotin-free ablative type” with 60 products. These
three types comprise 82% of the biocidal paint products. The sum of the self-
polishing-type products was 275 (76%).
The 96% of paint products in the List that contain biocides are listed
in Table 2 and are shown in Fig. 2. The 16 biocides are numbered accord-
ing to their frequencies in the products on the List. Cu
2
Oisusedmost
frequently, and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram) is used in only two
products. Most of the biocides are organic or organometallic biocides. Among
the 16 biocides, triphenylborane-pyridine (TPBP) (
4
), CuSCN (
10
),
N
-(2,4,6-
trichlorophenyl)maleimide (
13
), and naphthenic acids, copper salts (15) are
not listed as TBT substitutes in other countries [1-3]. The antifouling bio-
cides 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) and manganese ethy-
lene bis(dithiocarbamate) (maneb) used in other countries [1, 2] are not
included in the JPMA List.
2.2
Combinations of Biocide Mixtures
Marine antifouling paints are well blended as a combination of biocide, resin,
and solvent to achieve antifouling performance, color development, and re-
pellent or biocidal effect. The biocide combinations in the 380 paint products
