Photochemical Fate of Organic Booster Biocides in the Aquatic Environment - Antifouling Paint Biocides - page 196

Table 1 Summary of data for persistence, main transformation modes, and photochemical half-lives of antifouling paint booster biocides

Persistence data ( t 1 / 2 ) References Principal

Seawater Photolysis degradation

Field Laboratory mode

Chlorothalonil 0.2-8.0 days 1.9-4.2 days 0.3-1.5 days [28-33, 39] Biotic-photolysis

Dichlofluanid 18 h 53 h 13 h [35, 36, 39] Hydrolysis-biotic

Irgarol 1051 100-350 days 56 days 1.6 days [39, 43, 44, 46-48] Photolysis

GS26575 82-200 days 56 days [43, 44, 46] Photolysis

Sea-Nine 211 < 1-8.4 days 13.1 days 0.42 days [37, 38, 46, 55-57, 60] Biotic

Diuron 30-360 days 4-91 days [38, 43, 65, 66] Biotic

Zinc pyrithione < 240 min 2-18 min 17-30 min [39, 76, 78-80, 82] Photolysis-biotic

Copper pyrithione < 24 h 7.1-7.4 min 29.1 min [79, 81, 82] Photolysis

Thiram 8.8 h [87] Hydrolysis-biotic

Ziram 8.6 h [88] Hydrolysis-biotic

Maneb 10.5 h [89] Hydrolysis-photolysis

Zineb 96 h [39] Hydrolysis

TCMTB 740 h 1.5-3.9 h [39, 92] Hydrolysis-photolysis

TPBP 1-34 days < 2 h < 1 h [107, 108] Photolysis-hydrolysis