Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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2,4,5,6-tetrachloro iso phthalo nitrile (chlorothalonil);
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bis(1hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridethionato-O,S)-T-4zinc (zinc pyrithione);
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2-(thiocyanomethyl thio)benzthiazole (TCMBT);
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2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methyl sulphonyl) pyridine (TCMS pyridine);
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cuprous thiocyanate;
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4-chloro-meta-cresol;
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arsenic trioxide;
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cis1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonia adamantane chloride;
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zineb;
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folpet;
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thiram;
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oxy tetracycline hydrochloride;
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ziram;
maneb.
Many of these compounds were known to be highly toxic. Negligible data,
at that time, was, however, available concerning contamination, and (po-
tential) effects
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risks of these compounds in coastal and marine environ-
ments. Towards the end of the 1990s, this lack of information was ad-
dressed through the “Assessment of Antifouling Agents in Coastal Envi-
ronments (ACE)” project of the European Commission (MAS3-CT98-0178)
(1999-2002).
This project was designed to provide:
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information on usage and geographical differences in usage of antifouling
agents and products in Europe;
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suitably sensitive analytical (chemical) techniques for quantifying an-
tifouling “booster” biocides;
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an assessment of the extent of contamination of European harbours and
marinas and coastal waters through chemical surveys;
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information concerning the dissipation, transport and ecotoxicological ef-
fects of “booster” biocides (through experimentation under laboratory
andfieldconditions);
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models that predict environmental concentration and impact;
a critical comparison of products regarding environmental impact.
Partners in the project were: J.W. Readman (Plymouth Marine Labora-
tory,UK);B.vanHattum,andM.L'Amoree(InstituteforEnvironmental
Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands); D. Barcelo (CID-CSIC,
Barcelona, Spain); T.A. Albanis (University of Ioannina, Greece); B. Rie-
mann (National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark); H. Blanck and
F. Gronvall (Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, Sweden); K. Gustavson
(DHI Water & Environment, Denmark); J. Tronczynski and C. Munschy
(IFREMER, Centre de Nantes, France); A. Jacobson (Rohm & Haas).
Full details of the ACE project (including reports) are available at
www.pml.ac.uk/ace. Much of the data briefly summarised in the present
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