Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 14.4
. Weighting factors of the selected variables (Bolch et al. 2011a). Further explanation
see page 336.
Variable
Exemplary
weighting factors
Key for initial determination of weighting factors
Lake area change
0.1661
0: Shrinkage or no signifi cant growth
0.5: growth < 50% of the initial area
1: growth < 100% of the initial area
1.5: growth < 150% of the initial area
2: growth > 150% of the initial area
Risk of ice
avalanche
0.1510
1: Modelled deposits hit lake
0: Modelled deposits do not hit lake
Risk of rock fall/
avalanche
0.1359
1: Modelled deposits hit lake
0: Modelled deposits do not hit lake
Instable dam
0.1208
1: Dam is within discontinuous permafrost
0: Dam is outside discontinuous permafrost
Debris fl ow
0.1057
1: Debris-fl ow would occur if an outburst would
happen
0: Debris-fl ow would not occur if an outburst
would happen
Flash fl ood
0.0906
1: Flash fl ood would occur if an outburst would
happen
0: Flash fl ood would not occur if an outburst would
happen
Contact to glacier
0.0755
1: Lake is in direct contact with glacier
0: Lake is not in direct contact with glacier
Lake area
0.0604
0.5: Small (size < 50,000 m²)
1.0: Medium (> 50,000 and <100'000 m²)
1.5: Large (> 100,000 m²)
Glacier shrinkage
0.0453
1: Signifi cant glacier shrinkage
0: No signifi cant glacier shrinkage
Glacier slope <5º
at the terminus
0.0302
1: Glacier has slope angels below 5° adjacent to the
lake
0: Glacier has slope angels above 5° adjacent to the
lake
Stagnant ice at the
terminus
0.0151
1: No signifi cant glacier velocity was detected at
terminus
0: Signifi cant glacier velocity was detected at the
terminus
Sum of the
weights
1.000
River sediments
Sediment fl ux in river systems is strongly infl uenced by exposure of loose
moraine material due to glacier wastage and by deeper or even complete
thaw of perennially frozen glacial debris and talus. New exposure of erosion-
susceptible sediment sources can increase sediment loads in rivers or trigger
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