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with root mean square (rms) error of 0.3 pixel and the output FCC was
transformed into Intensity, Hue and Saturation (IHS) color space images.
The reverse transformation from IHS to RBG was performed substituting
the original high-resolution image for the intensity component, along with
the hue and saturation components from the original RBG images. This
merge data product obtained through the fusion of IRS-1C LISS-III and
PAN was used for the generation of land cover/land-use map of the study
area for the year 2001, and digital image processing techniques supported
by intensive ground truth surveys were used for the interpretation of the
remote sensing data (Fig. 11.2). In order to enhance the interpretability of
the remote sensing data for digital analysis several image enhancement
techniques, such as, PCA, NDVI, etc. were employed. In the Himalayan
mountain terrain the interpretability of the remote sensing data to a large
extent is affected by the complexity of the terrain as due to the effect of
elevation and slope and its aspect, the spectral signature of same objects
are often different or vice versa. In order to overcome these constraints
and also to attain the best possible level of accuracy in the interpretation,
intensive ground truth surveys were carried out in the study region and
a visual interpretation key was evolved for primary land cover/land-use
classifi cation (Table 11.1). This was followed by the digital classifi cation of
land cover/land-use through on screen visual recording and rectifi cation.
To monitor the dynamics of land utilization pattern in the study area the
land-use maps generated for the years 1990 and 2010 were overlaid using
Geographic Information System (GIS) and land-use changes were detected
and mapped (Fig. 11.2).
Table 11.1. Land Use Interpretation Key.
Land Cover/Land
Use Classes
Enhanced LISS - III + PAN
Tone
Texture
Oak
Red, bright red in south aspects or gentle slopes,
dull red and dull tar green in north and steep
slopes.
Fine
Pine
Green in the north aspects, red in the south
aspects or on the ridges.
Coarse
Mixed Forests
Red interspersing with reddish and dull green.
Coarse
Cultivated Land
Reddish and yellowish.
Medium/Coarse
Scrub/Barren land
Light cyan interspersing with reddish or
yellowish in both the aspects.
Medium
River Beds & Water
bodies
Black and blackish.
Coarse
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