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capacity for future risks. FAO has used this approach for food security
(FAO 2007), has the following elements:
i. Legal or institutional
ii. Policy and planning
iii. Ecosystem
iv. Livelihood
v. Integrated farming system
vi. Low carbon intensive technologies
FAO has prescribed steps for designing livelihood adaptation towards
climate change based on the elements given above (Fig. 6.4). This is an
inclusive approach and tries to involve all the sectors and scales while
designing the adaptation options for any particular region. FAO has adopted
this approach in Nepal (LSP working paper 7).
The adaptation framework was a widely adopted framework and
has application for a wide range of problems occurring due to climate
problems in hilly regions. The case study conducted by ICIMOD in India
and Nepal is the classic study case of adaptation framework; this examines
the governance of embankments and its implications on adapting capacity
of local people for fl oods at two sites in Assam and in basin of Koshi
River in Nepal (see Box 6.1.). The adaptation framework can include
the following approaches to propose adaption measures for a particular
region, like participatory rural appraisal method, transect walks, focus
group discussions, resource mapping, etc. These methods are important to
determine the communities' response towards the change and willingness
towards adaptation measures. The study reveals that local communities
have developed indigenous coping strategies (see Box 6.2) for fl oods and
other hazards; hence importance of traditional and local knowledge in the
Collate local, introduced & improved adaptation
options
Synthesize into potentially suitable adaptation
options for location specific conditions
Scientific validation of adaptation options
Local prioritization/selection of adaptation options
for field testing
Figure 6.4.
FAO framework of designing adaptation options for livelihood management in
the climate change scenario.
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