Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.1.
Impact and adaptation centered framework.
Assumptions
Variables and parameters
Impact centered Frameworks (ICFs)
Models measure impacts of Climate
change; modeling impacts parameterizing
adaptation
Impacts net of adaptation, not gross impacts
Normative
Adaptation is incorporated in an
unchanging equation assumed to take
adaptation into account
This is not modeling adaptation
Adaptation cannot be varied in the model
Parameter set or assumed at static level
The amount of adaptation (or net of
achievement) is assumed and is not
verifi ed or nor does it have an empirical
basis
Output is based on the inclusion of or
exclusion of adaptation, but adaptation itself
is not being modeled
Adaptation centered Frameworks (ACFs)
Allow for the variation of adaptation
options or different levels of adaptation
Allows for how much can be accomplished
through adaptation; given the impacts, how
much adaptation could or would occur
Adaptation can be manipulated, assessed
and evaluated
Potential to demonstrate the strengths/
weakness of adapting to climate change
ACFs are much more satisfactory than
ICMs and they represent a more promising
direction for future development
Example, in Rosenzweig and Parry (1994), the assumptions included no adaptation, 50% adaptation
and full adaptation.
ACFs demonstrate the ability of
adaptation to reduce climate change
impacts
Climate change adaptation framework
Impacts
Adaptation
First Generation
Long term impacts
Example: IPCC seven step
framework & FAO
Second Generation
Short term impacts
Stakeholder
Example: UNDP, APF,
NAPA, VARA (ORNL)
Top-down approach
Bottom-up approach
Figure 6.3.
Introduction of climate change adaptation frameworks.
frameworks according to study areas under concern. For the Himalayan
region both the frameworks can be applied separately or collectively.
Impact framework, adopted mainly for livelihood management,
involves learning of managing present risks and developing resilience
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