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fishers, traders, retailers, or skilled craftsmen. Increasing
numbers of Chinese came to play a critical role in the
region' s commerce.
With the extant plethora of ethnic groups and the
influx of Europeans, Indians, and Chinese, each func-
tioning in its own realm of expertise, Southeast Asia
became what is referred to as a
plural society .
of the population but control 69 percent of share
capital by investing in businesses. In Thailand,
ethnic Chinese make up 10 percent of the popula-
tion, yet they control 81 percent of listed firms
by market capitalization. In the Philippines, the
Chinese comprise 2 percent of the population but
control half of the share market, and in Indonesia
3.5 percent ethnic Chinese control more than
70 percent of the listed firms. Clearly , the Chinese
have clout, disproportionate to their numbers, in
Southeast Asian economies. In Singapore, Chinese
comprise 75 percent of the total population and
control 90 percent of the economy . Singapore is the
only country in Southeast Asia where the economy
is dominated by the Chinese.
Overseas Chinese
in Southeast Asia
Overseas Chinese are prominent in Southeast Asia
far beyond their numbers (Figure 14-9). For exam-
ple, in Malaysia ethnic Chinese make up 29 percent
Figure 14-9
Chinese migration flows in Southeast
Asia. Historically , Chinese emigrated
from the southern regions of China.
Most are concentrated in urban areas
where they own businesses.
From H. J. de
Blij and P . O. Muller,
Geography: Realms,
Regions and Concepts
, 14th edition, 2010,
p. 538. Originally rendered in color.
© H. J. de Blij and P . O. Muller. Reprinted
with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Taipei
100
°
120
°
CHINA
Kunming
Xiamen
Nanning
Guangzhou
Macau
TAIWAN
Mandalay
Kaohsiung
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
Xianggang
(Hong Kong)
Hanoi
Haiphong
Haikou
LAOS
Hainan
Viangchan
Luzon
Nakhon Sawan
Moulmein
Da Nang
Baguio
THAILAND
PHILIPPINES
Ubon
Bangkok
Manila
VIETNAM
Legazpi
CAMBODIA
Mindoro
Nha
Trang
Samar
Phnom
Penh
Ho Chi
Minh City
(Saigon-Cholon)
Panay
Leyte
10
°
Palawan
Bacolod
10
°
Cebu
Butuan
Can Tho
Negros
Mindanao
Kota
Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
Davao
Songkhla
Banda Aceh
Bandar Seri
Begawan
MALAYSIA
Pinang
Kuala
Lumpur
BRUNEI
Medan
Ipoh
Sibu
Johor Baharu
Manado
0
°
Padang
Bangka
Jambi
CHINESE IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Palembang
Billiton
Banjarmasin
Ujungpandang
Migration route
Jakarta
Major
Concentration
Secondary
Concentration
City
National capitals are underlined
Semarang
Bandung
Madura
TIMOR-
LESTE
Surabaya
Dili
0
500
1000 Kilometers
10
°
0
250
500 Miles
110
°
120
°
Longitude East of Greenwich
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