Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6-1
(
Continued
)
Ruler
Dynasty
Year
Century
Important Events
The Raj
19th C. AD
1877
England' s Queen Victoria declared “Empress of India.” India
regarded as the “Jewel in the Crown.”
The Raj
19th C. AD
1885
Risingnationalism. First meeting of the Indian National Congress
inBombay led by high-caste, English-educated Hindus.
19th-20th C. AD
1899-1905
Lord Curzon
The Raj
As more
British come to India, they bring their families. Separate
Viceroy of Indiareas, called civil lines, are set aside for them. British arrogance
and racism increases. British clubs and other institutions do not
accept Indians. Families go to hill stations such as Simla or
Darjeeling in the heat of summer. Indians are servants who live in
miserable conditions apart from British estates. Curzon enrages
Indians by trying to divide the state of Bengal.
20th C. AD
1906-1911
John Morley
The Raj
All India Muslim League is formed. Morley is more liberal and
Viceroy of Indiunderstands plight of Indians. Division of Bengal rescinded
but southern parts become the provinces of Orissa and Bihar.
This leaves Bengalis united and without linguistic or cultural
minorities.
The Raj
20th C. AD
1912
The Imperial capital is shifted from Calcutta to New Delhi.
The Raj
20th C. AD
1914
Mohandas Gandhi returns from South Africa where he
developed his concepts of passive resistance and nonviolent
protest. Encourages boycotts of British imports. Appeals to
Indians to spin their own cloth and become self-sufficient.
Spinning wheel becomes a nationalist symbol. Eventually is
incorporated into Indian flag.
20th C. AD
1914-1918
The Raj
More than a million Indians fight valiantly with the British in
W orldWar I.
The Raj
20th C. AD
1917
Russian Revolutionspurs fear of communism influencing masses
of unhappy and resentful Indians. British curb the press and pass
new laws to control Indians.
The Raj
20th C. AD
1919
Indian protests and violence against British. British fire on, kill and
wound unarmed Indians protesting at Amritsar. This event
often regarded as the final blow of British arrogance and
cruelty .
20th C. AD
1920-1942
The Raj
Gandhi launches first of several major nonviolent resistance
movements. Various British commissions come to India to
decide what to do.
20th C. AD
June 3,
The Raj
Lord Mountbatten presents plan for partition of India.
1947
20th C. AD
Aug. 15,
Independent
Congress Par
Independence from British rule and partition of India into
ty
India and
India
1947
India, West Pakistan, and East Pakistan. India to be ruled by the
Pakistan
Muslim League
Congress Party under the leadership of Jahawarlal Nehru.
Pakistan
Pakistan to be ruled by the Muslim League under Muhammed
Ali Jinnah.
20th C. AD
1948-195Congress
Jaharwarlal
Gandhi assassinated. Muhammed Ali Jinnah dies. Nehru proceeds
to preside over the creation of 16 new language-based states.
Hindi declared the national language.
Nehru
Party
20th C. AD
Congress Party
1964
Indira Gandhi
Nehru dies and his daughter Indira Gandhi takes over.
20th C. AD
Congress Party
1971
Indira Gandhi
Creation of Bangladesh. led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
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