Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Foreign-born populations often draw undue at-
tention and prejudice, especially when they are per-
ceived to be “taking jobs” from the majority
population. Canada, Australia, and some European
countries are in the process of enacting laws to protect
“their own” people from job loss.
In Singapore, one in three residents is a non-citizen.
Foreigners compete on every level, and citizens complain
that they steal jobs and depress wages. High immigration
has coincided with a widening of the income gap.
Singapore' s Gini Index rose from 0.444 in 2000 to 0.481
in 2008. The city' s glitzy city center stands in sharp
contrast to peripheral “heartland” areas. The government
plans to slow its intake of immigrants and accentuate the
benefits and responsibilities of citizenship.
Rapid urban growth intensifies machinations
within battleground environments that are increasingly
mystifying in their complex dynamics. While new
techno-economic networks are emerging in the wake of
development, new disconnects among competing polit-
ical, economic, and social groups are being produced in
the context of a torrent of globalizing forces. Decision
makers at all levels mediate the interaction of humans
and urban environments. Such capitalistic-political
processes both benefit and disrupt different communi-
ties unevenly and unequally .
Recommended Web Sites
www .childlabor.in
Information from the International Labor Organization, which
documents child labor across the globe.
www .cities.com
The latest news from cities all over the world.
http://city .jsc.nasa.gov/city/slash
NASA photographs of cities from space.
www .citypopulation.de
Population maps and statistics for cities around the world.
www .climate.org/index.html
Excellent site for information on environmental refugees,
climate change and impacts on people. Asian country reports,
climate games and negotiation simulations.
www .demographia.com/
Reports on cities and urban processes.
www .enterweb.org
An annotated meta-index of articles about the impact of busi-
ness, finance, and international trade on both developed and
developing countries in this era of globalization and cyber-
space.
http://esa.un.prg/unup/p2k0data.asp
World Urbanization Prospects Report (2007 Revision).
www .focusintl.com/widnet.htm
WIDNET: Women in Development NET work. A wealth of in-
formation about women in development.
www .grameen-info.org /
Information on the Grameen Bank.
www .havoscope.com/asia-black-markets/
Information and statistics about shadow economies/black mar-
kets in Asia and elsewhere.
http://hdr.undp.org.en/
United Nations Human Development Reports with interactive
maps, graphs, statistics, etc.
www .imf.org
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is intended to pro-
mote international monetary cooperation and facilitate the
growth and expansion of international trade.
www .library .nwuedu/search
International government organizations.
www .nationsonline.org/oneworld/bigcities.htm
Virtual travel. Skyline photos of major cities with links to
Google Earth satellite photos and information sites.
www .undp.org
United Nations Human Development Reports.
www .unsystem.org
Web site for all organizations in the United Nations. Information
on problems, projects, and prospects in the developing world.
www .worldbank.org
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
promotes sustainable development and investment in people.
It provides loans, technical assistance, and policy guidance to
developing countries.
Bibliography Chapter 4: Development, Urbanization, Migration,
and Quality of Life
ADB. 2009. “Environmental Sustainability: Reducing the V ul-
nerability of the Poor to Degraded and Hazardous Condi-
tions.” Poverty Reduction . Manila: Asian Development Bank.
Agnew , John. 1987. Bringing Culture Back. In “Overcoming the
Economic-Cultural Split in Development Studies.” Journal of
Geography 86: 276-281.
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