Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine in Sleep Deprivation - Caffeine: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects - page 298

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Figure 16.1 Impairment of memory by sleep deprivation and prevention by chronic

caffeine treatment. Summary of the average number of errors made by
each of the 5 groups in (A) short-term memory test (30 min after last
learning test) and (B) long-term memory test (24 h after last learning
test). Chronic caffeine treatment before sleep deprivation prevented
short-term impairment and reduced long-term memory suppression.
Each point is the mean ¡ SEM of 10 to 12 rats. *Indicates significant
difference from all other groups (P,0.01) and # indicates significant
difference from all other groups (P,0.05). (Modified from Alhaider et al
2010b; 2011 with permissions).

findings to ultimately and completely describe cognitive performance.
Therefore, an understanding of neuronal electrophysiology is essential to test
the functional integrity of neural pathways on the cellular level.