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Figure 1.5
The description of cortical spreading depression (CSD). The left panel
represents an upper view of the right cerebral hemisphere of the rat
showing the CSD eliciting location (where KCl was applied) and the
recording points (1 and 2) where the recording electrodes were placed,
separated by the distance, d. After 1min KCl stimulation, CSD was
elicited, propagated concentrically, and the EEG depression and the slow
potential change (SPC) typical of CSD were recorded at the remote
points 1 and 2, against a common reference electrode (R) placed on the
nasal bones (recordings shown in the right panel). The CSD velocity of
propagation is calculated based on the time, t (in the right panel) spent by
the CSD wave to pass the interelectrode distance, d (in the left panel). The
negative-up polarity indicated in the upper trace of the right panel applies
also to the other three traces (unpublished picture from the authors' lab).
Figure 1.6
CSD velocity in caffeine-treated well-nourished and malnourished rats.
After 1-2 h of CSD recording (in which we measured the ''baseline'' CSD
velocity), we injected intraperitoneally 30 mg kg
-1
caffeine and the CSD
recording continued for more 2 h. We evaluated the effects on CSD
propagation by comparing, in the same animal, the CSD velocities before
and after caffeine. The post-caffeine CSD velocities were comparable to
the pre-caffeine values, indicating no significant effect of the acute
administration of this drug on CSD propagation. However, ANOVA
(plus the Holm-Sidak test) confirmed the previously described (Guedes
2011) significant effect of nutrition: the asterisks indicate that malnutri-
tion increased CSD velocities as compared to the well-nourished controls
(F[2, 31] 5 14.439; P,0.001). Data are expressed as mean ยก standard
error of the mean. Data are from the authors' previous publication
(Aguiar et al 2011).
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