Caffeine and Cognitive Performance - Caffeine: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects - page 275

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Figure 15.2 Change from basal line scores of sleepiness at 10, 20 and 30 min post-

consumption of an espresso caffeinate coffee (A) or an espresso
decaffeinate coffee (B) accordingtothesexofhealthyyoung
participants. Sleepiness was measured by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale
(SSS), sensitive to the effects of caffeine. The scale consists of seven
statements describing the state of alertness, ranging from ''1-feeling
active and vital; alert; wide-awake'', to ''7- almost in reverie; sleep onset
soon; losing struggle to remain awake''. Caffeine contents in caffeinate
coffee was 100 mg. Data revised from Adan et al (2008).

consumption records, while the effects of a decaffeinated drink (also espresso)
were only apparent at 10 min. Because caffeine reaches maximum plasma
concentration (T max ) around 30-45 min after oral administration in humans,
most studies investigating its psychopharmacological effects assessed measures