Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 8.36  Finite element analysis of plaque models at two-dimensional cross-sections and with
different fibrous cap thickness and calcification gap. Peak principal stress and deformation
plots pertain to a constant lipid pool (  E lp = 1 kPa ) of fixed thickness (  0�35 mm ), and with vary-
ing fibrous cap thickness d fc and calcification gap d cg . a : For d fc = 0.05 mm, the critical stress σ cr
and maximum deformation D max are 331 kPa and 0.390 mm respectively. b : For d fc = 0.48 mm,
σ cr = 28.7 kPa and D max = 0.0281 mm. The geometrical outlines of the plaque composites for a and
b show the structural difference in the deformed plaque due to applied stress. c : For d cg = 0.02 mm
and d fc = 0.05 mm, σ cr = 282 kPa and D max = 0.290 mm. d : For d cg = 0.175 mm and d fc = 0.05 mm,
σ cr = 326 kPa and D max = 0.370 mm
Results for plaque models at 70 % and 90 % stenosis and with a constant lipid
pool (  E lp = 1 kPa) are illustrated by Fig. 8.36a and b . Analysis of the different plaque
models with lipid cores of fixed size (0.35 mm) shows the effect of fibrous cap
thickness d fc on maximum principle stress and deformation. Multiple numerical
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