Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 8.32  Relationship between circumferential stress and stenosis. The graph of the circumfer-
ential stress versus degree of stenosis is presented for plaque with or without lipid pool. The peak
circumferential stress is normalized with respect to the luminal pressure (  σ max /P ). This can give
an indication of the accuracy of simulation analysis using results by Loree et al. (1992) as a form
of validation
agglomerate of microcalcification. Modelling of the human atherosclerotic artery
with varying degrees of lipid core elasticity, fibrous cap thickness and calcification
gap (distance between the fibrous cap and calcification agglomerate) form the basis
of the rupture analysis.
8.5.2.1
Geometry Reconstruction and Meshing
Tada and Tabell (2005) modelled a healthy carotid bifurcation based on an ideal ge-
ometry. Key dimensions of this artery are presented in Table 8.5 . For their geometry,
a sinus region is included as it is a common feature found in carotid bifurcation. In
this case study our model was based on a size scale of 1:2.775 when compared with
the two-dimensional verification model. However, this will not affect the structural
analysis if all our structural parameters are varied at the same specific ratios to
achieve physiological similitude.
Table 8.5  Geometrical properties for carotid bifurcation. The dimensions for a generic carotid
bifurcation are presented based on the design by Tada and Tabell (2005)
Location of carotid bifurcation
Dimensions
CCA internal diameter
0.01 m
Maximum sinus internal diameter
0.23 m
ICA internal diameter
0.007 m
ECA internal diameter
0.0065 m
ICA bifurcation angle
25 °
ECA bifurcation angle
25 °
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