Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 8.27  Comparison of OSI distribution for different idealized models
(  t = 2.05 s) at the bifurcation apex and the narrowed lumen site downstream of the
LAD branch. In contrast, the FSI model produces lower WSS values at these lo-
cations due to considerable vessel expansion driven by the pulsatile blood flow,
which is in agreement with previous studies (Torii et al. 2009a). Instantaneous WSS
variation at the bifurcation apex is shown in Fig. 8.28b . At the systole phase, the
WSS predicted by the rigid model is slightly larger than the FSI model. However,
the WSS magnitude difference becomes greater in the diastole phase. The averaged
WSS predicted by the FSI model is smaller than the rigid model by 32 %. This sig-
nificant difference is mainly caused by the increased mass flow rate occurring at the
diastole phase than systole. Since WSS is proportional to the velocity gradient in the
near wall region, and if the arterial wall is assumed to be rigid, then the blood flow
will be further accelerated leading to a greater velocity gradient in the near wall
region than in an FSI modelling approach.
8.4.5
Closure
This study provides insight into the connection between bifurcation angle and the
development of coronary atherosclerosis from mechanical and haemodynamics
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