Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 7.38  Model- C A : Velocity contour at the level of the mitral valve and the streamline for each
of the four veins during the acceleration of the first filling wave, t = 100 ms. The velocity scale is
given in [m/s]
by the jet from the lower superior pulmonary vein and turns into a rotational motion
towards and into the left atrium appendage before crossing the mitral plane at its
lateral side just below the appendix.
In this model the trunks of the left pulmonary veins are oriented almost perpen-
dicular to the atrial chamber. The directions of the inflowing jets, Fig. 7.38c and d
are almost parallel to the mitral plane. The flow from the left veins have the highest
velocities due to their small orifice areas. As they flow into the atrial chamber, the
jets are deflected by the flow descending from the right pulmonary veins. The jets
change direction with almost 90 degrees before heading towards the mitral plane.
The main part of the flow from the left superior pulmonary vein enters the central/
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