Case Studies of the Human Cardiovascular System - Computational Hemodynamics: Theory, Modelling and Applications - page 187

Fig. 7.6 The PIV apparatus adopted in the experiment. The experimental setup involves the use
of PIV to capture flow within the carotid bifurcation silicon phantom. That comprises an elevated
fluid tank, a flow meter and a suction pump to support the flow condition. A laser system and CCD
camera allows the flow measurements optically. The PIV data is then post-processed and can be
used as experimental information for validation of CFD simulation results
where Q b is the volumetric flow rate and ν b is the kinematic viscosity. A constant
volumetric flow rate of mixture (i.e. Q m = 21.93 ml/s) with kinematic viscosity ν m is
adopted throughout the experiment. Rhodamine B fluorescent particles with a mean
diameter of 12.3 μ m and a relative density of 1.1 kg/m 3 were adopted as the seeding
particles. The mixture was circulated by a suction pump and entered the flow phan-
tom through a reinforced flexible tube with a diameter about 25 mm. The working
fluid then exited the flow phantom from the two outlets (internal and external ca-
rotid arties) and entered the elevated flow tank to eliminate cavitations that could
occur within the flow system. The mock circulatory setup is displayed in Fig. 7.6 .
The in-vitro flow validation experiments can be performed by implementing
Particle Image Velocimentry (PIV) measurment of the carotid arteries and extract
the velocity along a plane through the cross-section of the stenosed arteries longitu-
dinally and for multiple planes axially (Cheung et al. 2010b).
An ILA (Intelligent Laser Applications GmbH, Germany) PIV system which
consisted of a 1.3 Megapixel (1280 × 1024 pixels) 12-bit digital CCD camera was
employed for measurements. A New Wave 120 mJ double-cavity Nd:YAG laser
head that is synchronized with the CCD camera was installed on a horizontal tra-
verser, which allowed the measurement plane to be altered by a repeatable and