Case Studies of the Human Cardiovascular System - Computational Hemodynamics: Theory, Modelling and Applications - page 184

Fig. 7.3 Mesh configuration
of the carotid artery model.
The mesh construction for the
stenosed artery is based on
the medium scale selection.
The element numbers of the
stenosed artery is 786,712.
Increased mesh density is
performed at the stenosis
region. Note that the density
of grid is set to be higher at
the region of interest, i.e. the
stenotic region (coloured as
black )

above the first mesh element become progressively thicker until the layers cover the
distance of the boundary layer.

7.2.3 Computational Fluid Modelling

The blood was assumed as incompressible and isothermal fluid in this work and the
blood flow was governed by the following Navier-Stokes equation and continuity
equation:

∂ u

2

t ρρ

+ (. ) uu ∇ = −∇ + P g ρµ + ∇ u , (7.1)

∂

∇= . 0,

(7.2)

where ρ represents blood density, μ represents velocity, P stands for pressure, g
stands for gravity constant and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the blood.
A group mean blood flow waveform as shown by Fig. 7.4 , which is based on
flow rate, Q (ml/s), for the ICA, ECA and CCA (Marshall et al. 2004a) was intro-
duced as the flow boundary condition for the carotid artery object of interest.
Experimentally derived volumetric flow rates were set at one inlet and two
outlets. To minimize artificial effects from all openings, extended regions were