Computational Haemodynamics—An Introduction - Computational Hemodynamics: Theory, Modelling and Applications - page 2

computer programs or commercial software packages. The term “ hameodynamics ”
encompasses both the study of biofluids and in this case, blood that is in motion (the
biofluid in dynamic mode) both in the natural arteries and in biomechanical devices.
Cardiovascular modelling using CHD is a complex and challenging process. At
the front end of the process, medical imaging and computer aided design (CAD)
are used to reconstruct the cardiovascular structure. The model geometry is then im-
ported into CFD for blood flow modelling. Due to the interactive effect of vascular
compliance and blood flow properties such as pressure and pulsatility, the CHD mod-
el also includes structural or FEM-based mechanics for fluid-structure interactions
(FSI). FSI for cardiovascular applications solves a system of governing equations of
both fluid and solid fields that is based on the mechanics of blood-vessel interaction.
Advances in CFD and FEM technologies has been aided by the rapid developments
in numerical models to reflect the true physics of flow, and the increase in computing
power to perform the immense computational work for solution generation.
Medical imaging, CAD, CFD, and FEM, coupled with some basic medical sci-
ence knowledge come together for the development of CHD simulations. Expertise
in this field requires proficiency in each of these It is expected that this field de-
mands a person who will be proficient from each of the sub-disciplines.
As demonstrated in Fig. 1.1 , each sub-discipline discipline is interlinked to each
other and does not exist in isolation.
Fig. 1.1 The different disciplines contained within the CHD architecture. The state-of-the-art
research CHD architecture involving medical imaging (MI), computer aided design (CAD), com-
putational fluid dynamics (CFD), and finite element method (FEM) components for haemody-
namic modelling