Unicode, Internationalization, and Currency Codes - Java 8 Recipes - page 428

and you must supply a charset argument to tell the writer how to convert to the tar-
get byte-oriented text encoding. When you use an InputStreamReader , the target
encoding is always Unicode. You must supply the source text encoding as an argument
so that the reader understands how to convert the text.
Note The Java platform's String represents characters in the UTF-16 encoding of
Unicode. Unicode can have several encodings, including UTF-16, UTF-8, and even
UTF-32. Converting to Unicode in this discussion always means converting to UTF-16.
Converting to a byte-oriented encoding usually means to a legacy non-Unicode char-
set encoding. However, a common byte-oriented encoding is UTF-8, and it is entirely
reasonable to convert Java's “native” UTF-16 Unicode characters to or from UTF-8 us-
ing the InputStreamReader or OutputStreamWriter class.
Yet another way to perform encoding conversions is to use the CharsetEn-
coder and CharsetDecoder classes. A CharsetEncoder will encode your
Unicode CharBuffer instances to ByteBuffer instances. A CharsetDecoder
will decode ByteBuffer instances into CharBuffer instances. In either case, you
must provide a charset argument.
A charset represents a character set encoding defined in the IANA Charset Re-
gistry. When creating a charset instance, you should use the canonical or alias
names of the charset as defined by the Registry. You can find the Registry at ht-
tp://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets .
Remember that your Java implementation will not necessarily support all the IANA
charset names. However, all implementations are required to support at least those
shown in Recipe 12-7 of this chapter.
12-9. Setting the Search Order of Locale-
Sensitive Services
Problem
You want to designate a specified search order for locale-sensitive services within the
Java runtime environment.