Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 4.5
Effects of VEGF
and the endothelial VEGF
receptor (KDR/Flk-1)
inhibitor SU-1498 on (
a
)
Permeability of the bEnd3
monolayer to albumin
(
n
a
10
*
8
ΒΌ
6) and (
b
) WT and
1355 T tumor cell adhesion.
Permeability and adhesion
were measured after 1 h
control and VEGF treatment.
For inhibition by SU-1498,
the bEnd3 monolayer was
pretreated with SU-1498 for
30 min. From Fan et al. [
24
]
6
4
2
0
Control
VEGF
SU
SU+VEGF
b
100
Control
VEGF
SU
SU + VEGF
***
80
***
60
40
20
0
WT
1355T
4.4.5 Tumor Cell Adhesion in the Microcirculation
In vitro static adhesion assays have been utilized to investigate tumor cell adhesion to
endothelial cells [
23
,
45
] and to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [
39
]. Tumor cell
adhesion has also been investigated using flow chambers [
16
,
36
,
71
] or artificial blood
vessels [
12
] to address flow effects. Direct injection of tumor cells into the circulation
has enabled the observation of tumor cell metastasis in target organs after sacrificing
the animals [
70
], while intravital microscopy has been used to observe the
interactions between circulating tumor cells and the microvasculature both in vivo
and ex vivo [
34
,
37
,
43
,
54
,
69
,
74
].
Tumor cell extravasation is a dynamic process in which tumor cell adhesion to
the vascular endothelium and transendothelial migration occurs under flow
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