UWB and mmWave Communication Techniques and Systems for Healthcare - Ultra-Wideband and 60 GHz Communications for Biomedical Applications - page 15

Table 3 Modulation and coding schemes for low-power SC PHY in 802.11ad with corresponding
data rates. [ 28 ]
MCS Modulation Effective code rate Coding scheme Rate (Mbps)

25 π /2-BPSK 108/224 RS (224,208)

+

626

Block-Code (16,8)

26 π /2-BPSK 208/224 RS (224,208) 1,251

27 π /2-QPSK 208/224 RS (224,208) 2,502

mmWave transceivers. MCS indices corresponding to low-power SC PHY are those
from 25 to 27 (Table 3 ).
The control PHY is represented with MCS indice of 0. It defines the minimum data
rate that devices use to communicate before high-rate beam-formed link establish-
ment. The modulation of MCS 0 is BPSK with 1/2 coding achieving the necessary
minimal required 27.5 Mbps. This PHY mode is used for transmitting and receiving
control frames as beacons, management control frames and request-response probes.

Next Generation (5G) Mobile Wireless Technology

The term 5G is used in many research papers and projects to denote the next step of
mobile communication standard beyond current 4G/IMT-Advanced and is not still
described in any official specification document. However, the scientific debate is go-
ing on with daily increased number of scientific papers with proposals for future 5G
system architecture and services. One of the main points in next generation 5G net-
works will be the ability of the devices to have access to different wireless technolo-
gies based on OWA (Open Wireless Architecture) by using software-defined radios,
and ability to combine different flows from different wireless networks [ 29 , 30 ].
At the time of writing this text, Samsung announced its own 5G prototype network
based on mmWave technology at 28 GHz which can reach 200 m without LoS and
256 Mbps error-free messages, while 512 Mbps can be reached without significant
errors [ 31 ].
In [ 32 ], the authors are summarizing their extensive research in mmWave tech-
nology into promising conclusions about future 5G backbone based on mmWaves
operating at 28 and 38-GHz band.

mmWaves for Broadband Mobile Biomedical Applications

Biomedical engineering is reducing the gap between engineering and medicine by
joint scientific research projects and foundations of research centres as NYU WIRE-
LESS which is the first academic research centre combining wireless technologies
computing and medicine [ 33 ]. Wireless technologies, however, do not participate yet
with significant presence as key communication technology in the healthcare envi-
ronments and hospitals. eHealth as future healthcare concept requires mobility and
reliable communication techniques as it is based on highly integrated heterogeneous
networks.