Low-Power 60-GHz CMOS Radios for Miniature Wireless Sensor Network Applications - Ultra-Wideband and 60 GHz Communications for Biomedical Applications - page 201

Table 2 FLL performance summary
Study [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] This work

Type PLL Frequency

synthesizer

OOK Tx FLL

Technology 90-nm CMOS 90-nm CMOS 90-nm CMOS 0.13- μ m CMOS

Power 80.0 mW 80.0 mW 183.0 mW 29.6 mW

Frequency 75 GHz 60 GHz 60 GHz 60 GHz

Antenna N/A N/A Off-chip On-chip

0.80 mm 2 0.95 mm 2 0.43 mm 2 2.85 mm 2 Area

0.80 mm 2 0.95 mm 2 0.43 mm 2 0.64 mm 2 Active circuit

area

N/A not applicable, PLL phase-locked loop, OOK on-off keying, FLL frequency-locked loop,
CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

Fig. 22 Die micrograph of
the 60-GHz frequency-locked
loop (FLL). VCO voltage-
controlled oscillator, PA
power amplifier, LPF
low-pass filter

reference, this antenna-referenced FLL performs closed-loop frequency regulation
without any off-chip components. A die micrograph of the FLL is shown in Fig. 22 .
The FLL including antenna occupies 1.60 1.78 mm 2

× without pads.

References

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