Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 18
Biosafety in Laboratories using
Nonhuman Primates
James L. Blanchard
*
and Kasi E. Russell-Lodrigue
y
*
Comparative Medicine Program, Tulane University, Covington, LA,
y
Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center,
Covington, LA
Chapter Outline
General Biosafety Considerations
439
Sanitation 453
Decontamination 453
Waste Handling 453
Footbaths 454
Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning 454
Equipment 454
Primary Enclosures, Cages, and Other Equipment 454
Cage Washers 454
Autoclaves 454
Biological Safety Cabinets and Clean Benches 454
Miscellaneous 455
Personnel Management 455
Professional Oversight 455
Standard Operating Procedures 455
Personal Hygiene/Protective Clothing 455
Training 455
Veterinary Care, Animal Health, and Husbandry Practices 456
Veterinary Care 456
Quality Control 456
Specific Pathogen-free Production Colonies 456
Quarantine 456
Isolation 456
Necropsy Procedures 456
Physical and Chemical Restraint 457
Anesthesia, Surgery, Dentistry, and Technical Procedures 458
Zoonoses, Biohazards, and Other Health Risks 458
Introduction 458
Viral Diseases 459
Hemorrhagic Fevers 459
Marburg Virus Infection 459
Ebola and Other Filovirus Infections 459
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever 460
Yellow Fever 461
Dengue 461
West Nile Virus 461
Herpesvirus Infections 462
Herpesvirus Simiae 462
Herpesvirus Saimiri and Other Herpesvirus Infections 464
Introduction
439
Historical Perspectives
439
Laws, Regulations, Policies, and Recommendations
439
Responsibilities
440
Legal Liability
441
Select Biological Agents and Toxins
441
Laws and Regulations
441
Select Agents and Toxins
441
CDC Category A, B, and C Bioterrorism Agents/
Diseases
443
Entity Registration and Security Risk Assessments
443
Theft, Loss, and Release
443
Disease Prevention
444
The Infectious Process
444
Mode of Transmission
445
Route of Exposure
445
Risk Assessment
445
History of Occupational Infection
446
Route of Infection
446
Infective Dose
446
Virulence
447
Survival in the Environment
447
Activity Conducted
447
Other Considerations
447
Animal Biosafety Levels
448
Animal Biosafety Level 2 Criteria
449
Animal Biosafety Level 3 Criteria
449
Universal and Enteric Precautions
451
Facilities Management
452
Security/Restricted Access
452
Showers/Lockers
452
Respiratory Barriers
452
Protective Clothing
452
Laundry
452
Floor Surfaces
452
Pest Control Programs
453
Biohazard Signs/Precautionary Information
453
