Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Opioids e See
Table 17.7
Neuroleptanalgesia
Fentanyl/fluanisone
(Hypnorm)
Multiple
0.3 ml/kg s.c., i.m.
Naloxone:
none
Light surgical anesthesia
Fentanyl/droperidol
(Innovar)
Multiple
0.05e0.1 ml/kg i.m., i.v.
Naloxone:
none
Immobilization
Multiple
0.3 ml/kg i.m.
Naloxone:
none
Heavy sedation, good analgesia
Inhalational Agents
Isoflurane
Multiple
Typically 3e5% for mask or
chamber induction,
followed by 0.5e3% for
maintenance
none
Mask or chamber induction may cause airway
irritation and distress
Maintenance dose depends on other drugs
given and level of surgical stimulation
Sevoflurane
Multiple
Typically 4e8% mask or
chamber induction,
followed by 1.25e4% for
maintenance
none
Maintenance dose depends on other drugs
given and level of surgical stimulation
Nitrous oxide
Multiple
Up to 60% with oxygen
none
Co-administer other anesthetic agents, i.e. not
possible to use as sole agent. Monitor oxygen
saturation, and monitor oxygen content of gas
mix when using closed-circuit anaesthesia.
s.c., subcutaneous; i.m., intramuscular; i.v., intravenous.
Doses are based on the authors' experience, personal communication (
Taylor, 2011; Windle, 2011
), and published data (
Popilskis et al., 2008, Valverde, 2005
), and are provided as a general guide only, since
considerable individual variation occurs.
