Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 15.7
Abdominal radiograph
showing gastric dilatation. A right
lateral abdominal radiograph of
a mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus lunu-
latus) with gastric dilatation. The stomach
is grossly distended. Arrows indicate the
margins of the stomach.
orogastric tube, then surgical intervention is warranted. If
the patient is destabilized and unable to undergo a surgical
procedure, trocarization of the stomach should be attemp-
ted with an 18-gauge catheter, followed by additional
attempts to pass a stomach tube. If trocarization is per-
formed, then a laparotomy should be performed once the
animal is stabilized to explore the peritoneal cavity for
leakage of stomach contents. At the same time, an assess-
ment can be made regarding primary pathology that might
have predisposed the animal to gastric dilatation.
Persistent hypotension may be treated with dopa-
mine (5
Veterinarians, 2010
), dobutamine (2.5
g/kg/min i.v.
CRI;
Association of Primate Veterinarians, 2010
), or
norepinephrine (0.2
10
e
m
g/kg/min i.v. CRI;
Association
of Primate Veterinarians, 2010
). Antibiotics with coverage
for gram negative and anaerobic organisms may be given
intravenously during fluid administration. Because C.
perfringens is often associated with this condition, treat-
ment with procaine penicillin G, 20,000 U/kg i.m., b.i.d.
(
Hawk et al., 2005
) may be effective. Simethicone can be
utilized if gas production is significant. Simethicone is an
anti-foaming agent that decreases the surface tension of
gas bubbles, causing them to combine into larger bubbles
0.4
e
m
15
g/kg/min i.v. CRI;
Association of Primate
e
m
FIGURE 15.8
Peritoneal cavity
e
gastric dilatation. Photograph of
the peritoneal cavity taken at necropsy demonstrating the extent of gastric
distention (to the right of the photograph) in a fatal case of gastric dila-
tation in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). ( Courtesy of the Division of
Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center.)
FIGURE 15.9
Peritoneal cavity
e
gastric dilatation with opened
stomach. Photograph taken at necropsy of the same animal as in
Figure 15.8 with stomach opened to reveal the contents. A large amount of
fluid is present along with food. ( Courtesy of the Division of Comparative
Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center.)
