Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(C)
(B)
(D)
FIGURE 14.13
Eye coils.
(A
C) Eye-coil implantation surgery in the NHP conjunctival sac. (D) A 17-mm eye-coil prior to implantation.
e
(b)
Kinking, which requires body positioning change or
removal and reimplantation in a different location.
(c)
Air embolism: modern infusion pumps have built-
in alarms to prompt air removal with a syringe.
(d)
Extracannular occlusion
3.
Duration of implantation
e
the implant's functionality
and local health parameters may decline over time.
4.
Subject's temperament and general health
well cared
for, younger animals with calmer disposition often
present fewer clinical challenges in the care of an
implant.
5.
Training and restraint structure that employs positive
reinforcement, is routine and consistent, has attainable
goals apparent to the subject and allows some latitude in
performance, is recommended (
National Research
Council, 1998
). Animals carefully and thoroughly
trained are often easier to manage, as they enjoy their
time away from their home cage, develop respect for the
trainer, and look forward to receiving rewards in the
laboratory.
e
local infection/inflam-
mation, hematoma, seroma, mass (e.g.
e
tumor,
granuloma).
2.
Damage caused by the subject.
3.
Segmental tract infection and secondary fistulation.
Implant Failure
Even expertly implanted devices may fail and require repair
or explantation. Such failure is usually related to the
following:
1.
Quality of implantation surgery is a function of surgical
skill, gentle tissue handling, intraoperative asepsis,
attention to detail, and adherence to sound principles of
surgery.
2.
Quality of postoperative and long-term care such as
frequent inspection and cleaning, timely treatment of
infection/inflammation, and veterinary consultation
contribute to an animal's health.
A decision to remove an implant is never an easy one but in
the long run it typically pays off. Most animals respond
very well when given a break of several weeks to several
months to recuperate and heal before re-implantation.
There is no universal hiatus length; each case needs to be
approached individually and be a collaborative effort
between
the
researcher
and the veterinarian. The
