Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 12
Preventative Medicine in Nonhuman
Primates
Joshua A. Kramer
*
, Elizabeth W. Ford
y
and Saverio Capuano
z
*
New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA,
y
The Scripps Research Institute, LaJolla, CA,
z
Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
Chapter Outline
Introduction
293
Sanitation
304
Occupational Health and Safety
294
Environmental Controls
304
Personnel Health Surveillance
294
Nutrition and Feeding
305
Personnel Immunization Program
295
Disease Surveillance
305
Personnel Training Program
296
Daily Health Observations
305
Quarantine
296
Physical Examination
306
Goals of Quarantine
296
Dental Prophylaxis
307
Regulations
296
Baseline Diagnostic Testing
307
USA
296
Tuberculosis Screening
308
European Union
297
Screening for Bacterial Disease
310
Other Countries
298
Screening for Viral Disease
310
Source of Animals
298
Herpesviruses
311
Preshipment Screening and Evaluation
298
Retroviruses
312
Receiving
300
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
313
Quarantine Facilities
300
Additional Viral Screening
313
Infection Control Procedures in Quarantine
301
Parasitic Disease Surveillance
313
Duration of Quarantine
301
Necropsy as a Tool in Disease Surveillance
314
Quarantine Husbandry
302
Animal Vaccination Program
314
Quarantine Health Surveillance and Diagnostic
Procedures
Measles
314
302
Tetanus
315
Illness in Quarantine/Positive Tuberculin Test
303
Rabies
316
Release from Quarantine
304
Other Vaccines
316
Husbandry Measures Contributing to Preventive Health
304
References
317
INTRODUCTION
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a valuable and limited
research resource and establishing a rigorous preventive
medicine program is crucial to protecting and maintaining
the health of captive NHP colonies. The challenge to the
laboratory animal veterinarian responsible for NHPs is to
ensure the ongoing health and well-being of NHPs in their
care through an exemplary veterinary care program while
at the same time providing quality animals for research
and
A comprehensive preventive medicine program is
imperative to accomplish these goals.
Preventive medicine programs may vary between
species and specific situations but some general concepts
always apply. While outlining a program that would suit all
types of NHP species, research, and/or facilities is beyond
the scope of this chapter, the crucial components of an
effective preventive medicine program are enumerated
here. Risk assessment of such factors as the type of species
being maintained,
protecting
personnel
from zoonotic
diseases.
the nature of
the research being
